Console functions perform input from the standard input
device and output to the standard output device of a system.
Console word generally refers to the combination of monitor
and keyboard computers context. So console I/O functions are also related to
the same. Some console function that we are going to learn are getchar(), putchar(), gets(), puts(),
which are console I/O function in C++.
Single Character Function
The Simplest of the console I/O function are getchar(), which
reads a character from the keyboard, a putchar() , which prints a character to
the screen. Following statements reads a character using getchar() and stores
it in variable Ch.
Ch=getchar() ;
The Getchar() waits for the character input until a character
is typed at the keyboard. Similarly, putchar() displays the given character on
the screen at the current cursor position.
Following statement displays a character (‘b’) on the screen:
Putchar (‘b’);
We can also use putchar() with variables:-
Char ch ;
Ch= getchar() ;
Putchar(ch) ;
String Functions
The functions gets() and puts () are string functions
The gets() function
accepts a string of character entered at the keyboard and places them in the
string variable mentioned it. For ex:-
Char name [21] ;
Gets (name) ;
The above code declares a string namely name which can store 20
valid characters. The function gets()
reads a string of maximum 20 characters and stores it in a memory address
pointed to by name.
As soon as the carriage return is pressed, a null terminator ‘/0’ is automatically
placed at the end of the string.
The function puts() writes a sting on the screen and advances
the cursor to the newline. Any
subsequent outputs will apper on the next line of the current output by puts().
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